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About India
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India Info
India, also known as Bharat or Hindustan, the largest democracy in the world, is a land of unmatched majesty, comparable in size to the entire continent of Europe, and the house by nearly 16% of the global population. Well that the modern images of India often show poverty and lack of development, India is the richest country on earth until the time of the British in the early 17th century. Christopher Columbus has been attracted by its wealth. Historian Elphinstone, said: "The Hindu kingdoms overthrown by Muslims were so rich that historians say tire of the immense booty Jewellery and captured by the invaders. Many countries have looted the wealth of India. This is not only material wealth which makes rich India.'s achievements, history, culture and geography are all part of this wealth. People throughout the ages admired the wealth of India. Savant french Romain Rolland said: If there is a place on the face of the earth where all dreams of living men have found a home at the beginning when man began the dream of 'existence, it is India.
Indian Goegraphy
The peninsula of India, with an area of over 3.3 million sq km, is separated from the Asian continent by the Himalaya Mountain. India is located north of the equator between 8 ° 4 'and 6 ° 37 'north latitude and 68 ° 7' and 97 ° 25 'east longitude. It is bordered to the south-west by the Arabian Sea and south-east by the Bay of Bengal. In the north, north - east and north-west are the beaches of the Himalayas. Kanyakumari is the southern tip of the Indian peninsula, where it is closer and closer, gets lost in the Indian Ocean.
The Himalayas are the highest mountain in the world, extending 2500 km over northern India. Surrounded by the Indus (Sindhu) river to the west and the Brahmaputra in the east, three parallel lines, Himadri, Himachal Shivaliks and deep canyons sip by rivers in the Ganges plain.
The Western Himalayas, Kashmir, Kulu Manali and valleys, are noble highland plateau of Ladakh. The central Himalayas covers northern Uttar Pradesh and Nepal, while the east span in the Himalayas North Bengal, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. In the eastern regions of the country are Purvanchal mountains which consist of Patkai Bum, Naga, Garo, Khasi and Jaintia and the Mizo and Lushai hills, named after tribes who live there.
The constant erosion of these high mountains by torrential rivers raging built the great alluvial plains of the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra. The Ganges meanders across this vast plain of north-west to the east where it is joined by the Brahmaputra. The two rivers are the World 's largest and most fertile delta before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
The Indian peninsula is an ancient land and was part of the biggest in the continent of Gondwanaland. His Deccan Plateau is formed by ancient crystalline rocks and lava. It is cut off from the plain of the Ganges by a series of low ranges as Aravallis and Vindhyas. The plateau has the Eastern Ghats on its eastern end and the largest area of Western Ghats in the west. An uneven narrow coastal plain to the west is dissected by rivers fast, beautiful estuaries, lagoons and backwaters. The east coast is vast and deltas of the Godavari, Mahanadi and Cauvery rivers. To accompany the peninsula on both sides are the Andaman and Nicobar islands in the Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep islands in Arabian Sea.
Climate
The range Himalayas in the north serves as a barrier perfect weather for the whole country. Despite the country 's size and its varied relief, the pace of the seasonal monsoon is evident everywhere. Although most of northern l 'India lies beyond the tropics, the whole country has a tropical climate characterized by relatively high temperatures and dry winters.
The natural vegetation
The region of the Himalayas, which is rich in plant life, has varieties that are found virtually the tundra to tropical regions. Only the altitude affects the distribution of vegetation. In the rest of the country, type vegetation is largely determined by the amount of precipitation. Apart from the Himalayan region, the country may be divided into three major areas of vegetation: the tropical humid evergreen and semi-persistent forests, tropical hardwood forests, and forests and thorn bushes.
People
India is probably the country with the largest and most diverse mixture of races. All five major racial types - Australoid, Mongoloid, Europoid, the Caucasus and negroid - find representation within the population of India , Which are mainly a mixed race.
The people of India belong to various ethnic groups. At different periods of India 's long history, successive waves of settlers and in particular the invaders Aryans, Parthians, Greeks and the countries of Central Asia has entered the country and merged with the local population. This explains the variety of racial types, cultures and languages in India.
Languages
India has about 15 major languages and 844 different dialects. Sanskrit Aryan settlers merged with the first Dravidian languages give rise to new languages. Hindi spoken by about 45 per cent of the population is the national language. English was also chosen as official language of communication.
The Indian literature dates back several millennia, the chants of Vedic Aryans. The oral tradition nurtured classical literature and production of great works of philosophy and religious doctrine. He also accounted for compilations of anecdotes like the Panchatantra and the Jataka tales, and as the epics Ramayana and the Mahabharatha. In southern India, the creative energies of poets found its expression in the great works of literature Sangam. Tirukkural epic by Tiruvalluvar is a head - workforce that age. Similarly, the devotion of countless songs composed by saints as Annamayya, Tyagaraya, etc. PurandaraDas enriched devotional literature and music of this land. In the north, playwrights like Kalidasa Bhasa product and great dramas in sanskrit.
Religions
Hinduism: Hindu religion has its origin in the concepts of the early Aryans who came to India more than 4000 years. It is not only a religion but also a philosophy and lifestyle. It did not come in the teachings of a prophet or holy book. It respects other religions and not trying to seek to convert. He teaches the immortality of the human soul and three main roads ultimate union of the individual soul with the spirit all pervasive.
The essence of the Hindu faith is embodied in the Lord 's Song, the Bhagavad Gita: He believes that the (auto) as a killer or that he thinks that this (self-) is killed, neither knows the truth . To not kill, nor is it killed. This (self-) east unborn, eternal, changeless, old, it is never destroyed, even when the body is destroyed.
Jainism and Buddhism: In the sixth century before Christ, Jainism Mahavira spread. His message was asceticism, austerity and non-violence. Around the same time, Buddhism was born. Gautama Buddha , A prince, renounced the world and gained enlightenment. He preached that 'Nirvana 'should be reached by the conquest of itself. Buddha 's teachings spread in time to China and some other countries' Southeast Asia.
Islam: Arab traders Islam to the south of India in the seventh century. After them came the Afghans and the Moghuls, including the most enlightened was the emperor Akbar. Akbar almost succeeded in founding a new religion Din - e-Elahi, based on both Hinduism and Islam, but he found few followers.
Islam has grown in India through the centuries. Citizens Muslims have occupied some of the highest positions in the country since independence in 1947.
Sikhism: Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism in the 15th century, stressed the unity of God and the brotherhood of man. Sikhism, with its assertion of God as an absolute truth and its ideals of spiritual discipline and seek , Soon won many followers. It is perhaps possible that in this hospitable land that two religions as diverse as Hinduism and Islam could meet in a third country, namely Sikhism.
Christianity: Christianity in India, shortly after Christ 's own life, with the arrival of St. Thomas the Apostle. The Syrian Christian Church in south traces its roots to the visit of St . Thomas. With the arrival of St.Francis Xavier in 1542 the Catholic faith was established in India. Today, Christians of several denominations practice their faith freely.
Zoroastrianism: In the days of the old Persian Empire, Zoroastrianism is the dominant religion in West Asia, and in the form of Mithraism, it spread over vast territories of the Roman Empire, insofar Britain. After the Islamic conquest of Iran, a few intrepid Zoroastrians have left their homeland and sought refuge in India. The first group would have reached Diu in about 766 AD Their world population probably does not exceed 130000. With the exception of some in 10000 Iran, almost all of them live in India, the vast majority concentrated in Bombay. Parsees excel in industry and commerce, and will contribute significantly to the intellectual and artistic life of the nation.
Judaism: Jewish contact with the Malabar coast in Kerala, dates back to 973 BC when King Solomon 's merchant fleet began to be traded for spices and other fabulous treasures. Researchers say that Jews first settled in Kodungallur, shortly after the Babylonian conquest of Judea in 586 BC. The immigrants were welcomed and a Hindu king granted to Joseph Rabban, a Jewish leader, a title and a principality.
Unique India
National Anthem
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Jana Gana Mana Adhinayaka Jaya He
Bharat Bhagya Vidhata
Punjab Sindh Gujarat Maratha
Dravida Utkala Banga
Vindhya Himachal Yamuna Ganga
Ucchala Jaladhi Taranga
Tubh Shubha Name Jage
Tubh Shubha Ashisha Mange
Gahe Tubh Jaya Gata
Jan Gan Mangaldayak Jay He
Bharat Bhagya Vidhata
Jaye He ! Jaye He ! Jaye He !
Jaye,Jaye,Jaye,Jaye He "
The following is a translation of Rabindranath Tagore 's rendering of the verse:
You are the prince of the spirit of all people, dispenser of India 's destiny. The name rouses the hearts of Punjab, Sindh, Gujarat and Maratha, of Dravid and Orissa and Bengal, it is echoed in the hills of the Himalayas and Vindhyas, mingles with the music of the Ganges and Yamuna and is sung by the waves of the Indian Wednesday. They pray for your blessings and sing your praise. The salvation of all peoples is in your hand, you distributor of India 's destiny. Victory, victory, victory to you.
The Indian National Anthem was composed by Shri Rabindranath Tagore and was first sung at the Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress on December 27th, 1911. It was adopted as the National Anthem of India on, dated 24th January, 1950 by the Constituent Assembly.
The national emblem - Four lions
The national emblem of India is a replica of the Lion of Sarnath near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. The Lion Capital was built in the third century BC by Emperor Asoka to mark the place where Buddha proclaimed his Gospel of peace and emancipation for the four quarters of the universe. The national emblem is therefore symbolic of contemporary India 's reaffirmation of its former commitment to world peace and goodwill.
The four lions (one hidden from view) - a symbol of strength, courage and confidence - remains on a circular abacus. Abacus is surrounded by four small animals - Guardians of the four directions: north of the lion, elephant the East, the horse of the south and west of the bull. The ball rests on a lotus in full bloom, which illustrates the source of life and creative inspiration. The currency 'satyameva Jayate 'inscribed above below the emblem in Devanagari alphabet means 'truth triumph only '.
National Flag
The Indian flag was conceived as a symbol of freedom. The Prime Minister Nehru drew a flag not only of freedom for ourselves, but a symbol of freedom to all men.
The flag is a horizontal tricolour in the same proportion of deep saffron on top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom. The report of the width to the length of the flag is two to three. In the center of the white stripe, is a wheel in navy blue to indicate the Dharma Chakra, the wheel of law in the Sarnath Lion Capital. Its diameter approximates the width of the white stripe and has 24 rays. saffron is synonymous with courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation, white, purity and truth, green for faith and fertility.
National Animal - Tiger
Grand feline carnivore Asian quadruped, Panthera tigris, maneless, yellow fawn with black bands cross and white belly, proverbial for its power and magnificence.
There are very few tigers left in the world today. Ten years ago, the population of tigers in India has dropped to a few hundred. The government of India, under its draft programme Tigre, began a massive effort to preserve the population of tigers. Today, thanks to Project Tiger, India 's population of tigers is in a comfortable position.
National Bird - Peacock
I Male species of birds p. critatus, is a native of India, with tail feathers and higher converts marked with iridescent ocelli, to expand its tail erect as a fan as ostentatious display. I peacocks are related to pheasants.
Found wild in India (as maids in the villages), they live in the jungle land near the water. They were once bred for food, but now hunting peacocks is banned in India. Peahen has no plumage. These birds did not seem as beautiful as their appearance - they have a tough call.
National Flower - Lotus
The Lotus or waterlily is an aquatic plant of Nymphaea, I floated wide and bright fragrant flowers that grow only in the waters. The leaves and flowers float and have long stems that contain air spaces. The flowers have broad appeal many petals overlap in a symmetrical pattern. The root functions are performed by rhizomes that fan horizontally through the mud under the water. Lotuses, prized for their serene beauty, are delightful to see that their flowers open on the surface a pond. In India, the sacred lotus is legendary and much folklore and religious mythology is woven around it.
National tree - Banyan
Indian fig, Ficus bengalensis, whose branches root themselves like new trees over a large area. The roots then give rise to trunks and branches. Because of this characteristic and its longevity, this tree is considered immortal and is an integral part of myths and legends of India. Even today, the Banyan Tree is the focal point of village life and the village council meets under the shade of this tree.
National Fruit - Mango
A fleshy fruit, consumed or used ripe green pickles etc, the tree Mangifera indica, the mango is one of the most important and widely cultivated tropical fruits in the world. Its juicy fruit is a rich source of vitamins A, C and D. In India there are over 100 varieties of mangoes, in different sizes, shapes and colors. Mangoes have been cultivated in India since time immemorial. The poet Kalidasa sang its praises. Alexander enjoy its taste, as the pilgrim Chinese Hieun Tsang. Akbar 100000 planted mango trees in Darbhanga, known as Lakhi Bagh.
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